Abstract
In this work, we propose a fabric electrode with a special structure that can play the role of a noise reduction filter. Fabric electrodes made of the conductive fabric have been used for long-term ECG measurements because of their flexibility and non-invasiveness; however, due to the large impedance between the skin and the fabric electrodes, noise is easily introduced into the ECG signal. In contrast to conventional work, in which chip-type passive elements are glued to the electrode to reduce noise, the proposed electrode can obtain a noise-reduced ECG by changing the structure of fabric. Specifically, the proposed electrode was folded multiple times to form a capacitor with a capacitance of about 3 nF. It is combined with the skin-electrode impedance to form a low-pass filter. In the experiment, we made a prototype of the electrodes and measured ECG at rest and during EMG-induced exercise. As a result, the SNR values at rest and during exercise were improved about 12.02 and dB, respectively, compared with the fabric electrode without special structure. In conclusion, we have shown that changing the fabric electrode structure effectively removes noise in ECG measurement.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the field of e-textiles, conductive yarns, and conductive fabrics are used as sensors
In the field of e-textiles, conductive yarns, and conductive fabrics are used as sensors.Conductive fabrics have the advantages of being flexible and lightweight compared to conventional electrodes such as metal plates
We have discovered that elements made of fabric can play the same role as general passive elements; We show that the impedance of the human body and passive devices made of conductive fabric can work as a filter; We show that changing the internal structure of the conductive fabric is effective in noise reduction
Summary
In the field of e-textiles, conductive yarns, and conductive fabrics are used as sensors. Conductive fabrics have the advantages of being flexible and lightweight compared to conventional electrodes such as metal plates. Conductive fabrics have the advantage of non-invasiveness, so they are used as electrodes for measuring biological signals, as in electrocardiogram (ECG). It is known that fabric electrodes cause the introduction of a great deal of noise because the skin-electrode impedance is higher than with a wet electrode, such as an Ag/AgCl electrode [1]. Noise reduction techniques are required in ECG analysis such as the automatic diagnosis of heart disease. If noise reduction is not sufficient, the accuracy of the automatic diagnosis may decrease because the ECG feature extraction accuracy like R-peak detection will decrease [2]
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