Abstract

With the advancement and implementation of marine strategies in various countries, it is of great significance to collect marine data by using underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWA-SNs). Due to the difficulties in charging or replacing batteries, how to prolong the lifetime of underwater sensor nodes is one of the key problems to be solved. In this paper, we propose a new energy consumption balanced protocol, named as dynamic clustering K-means (DC-K-means) based simplified balanced energy adaptive routing (S-BEAR), to prolong the lifetime of a UWA-SN by balancing the energy consumption of underwater sensor nodes and avoiding the energy hole. First, by considering the residual energy of the underwater sensor nodes, we propose the DC-K-means algorithm to cluster the underwater sensor nodes and optimize the topology of data transmission among underwater sensor nodes so that the overall energy consumption of the system can be reduced and the problem of energy consumption balance of underwater sensor nodes can be solved. Then, the S-BEAR protocol is designed for multi-hop transmissions, where the data collected by each cluster head is transmitted to the surface receiving terminal equipment, and thus further balances and saves the energy consumption of the system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DC-K-means based S-BEAR scheme has the advantages of more balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes and higher overall residual energy as compared to the state-of-the-art schemes.

Highlights

  • To address the issue of energy hole in clustering, we propose a new energy consumption balanced protocol, named as dynamic clustering K-means (DC-K-means) based simplified balanced energy adaptive routing (S-BEAR), to prolong the lifetime of a underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWA-SNs) by balancing the energy consumption among underwater sensor nodes and avoiding the energy hole

  • 2) After formulating the clusters, we design the S-BEAR algorithm, which is modified based on the existing simplified balanced energy adaptive routing (BEAR) algorithm [16], to optimize the multi-hop transmissions between each cluster head and the sink to further reduce the energy consumption of the sensor nodes, prolonging the lifetime of the UWA-SNs. 3) we evaluate the performance of the proposed DC-K-means based S-BEAR scheme via extensive simulations

  • There is no significant difference between scheme II, scheme III, and scheme IV in terms of the lifetime of the UWA-SN, which basically indicates that clustering has little effect on prolonging the lifetime of the UWA-SN; it can play a vital role by adopting S-BEAR to optimize the multi-hop transmissions for underwater nodes

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

71% of the earth’s surface is covered by the ocean. With the promotion and implementation of marine strategies in various countries, it is important to further explore the underwater environments. To address the issue of energy hole in clustering, we propose a new energy consumption balanced protocol, named as dynamic clustering K-means (DC-K-means) based simplified balanced energy adaptive routing (S-BEAR), to prolong the lifetime of a UWA-SN by balancing the energy consumption among underwater sensor nodes and avoiding the energy hole. 2) After formulating the clusters (by executing DC-K means), we design the S-BEAR algorithm, which is modified based on the existing simplified balanced energy adaptive routing (BEAR) algorithm [16], to optimize the multi-hop transmissions between each cluster head and the sink to further reduce the energy consumption of the sensor nodes, prolonging the lifetime of the UWA-SNs. 3) we evaluate the performance of the proposed DC-K-means based S-BEAR scheme via extensive simulations.

RELATED WORK
SYSTEM MODEL AND THE THEORY AND IMPROVEMENT OF K-MEANS ALGORITHM
THE THEORY AND IMPROVEMENT OF BEAR PROTOCOL
ENERGY CONSUMPTION MODEL OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION
THE RELATED PARAMETERS SETTING (m) Residual energy (J)
SIMULATION RESULTS
Findings
CONCLUSION
Full Text
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