Abstract
Energy efficiency and reliability are two important factors when we design a wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we proposed an energy-efficient and reliable hierarchical mechanism for WSNs. We utilized clustering structure to decrease energy consumption. Because cluster head plays an important role in WSN, we designed a substitute of cluster head (SCH) in order to guarantee the data propagation reliability. Based on different functionalities of sensor nodes we creatively classify sensor nodes into five categories: branch node (BN), cluster head (CH), substitute of cluster head (SCH), intermedium node (IN), and normal node. By adopting different MAC and network strategies for different node categories, energy consumption can be greatly reduced and data reliability can be significantly increased in the proposed WSN mechanism. The simulation results showed that this proposed mechanism realized the objective in aspects of energy efficiency and reliability.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes
We proposed an approach in which a substitute of cluster head (SCH) is selected and works in the sudden failure of cluster head
The mechanism used in the phase two, which is termed as a multipath extension of flooding, helps to exchange the node-disjoint paths found in the phase one among the nodes on different branches
Summary
Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are usually homogenous and one or more resource-rich base stations exist in WSNs which is the medium between WSNs and the outside information systems. They are branch node (BN), cluster head (CH), substitute of cluster head (SCH), inter-medium node (IN), and normal node For each category, it executes alternative network and MAC protocol and operates specific functions, such as schedule generation, data aggregation, energy alarm, radio control, route discovery, and data transfer. There are some original and progressive contributions in this paper: firstly, we proposed an energy-efficient and reliable WSN mechanism, which adopted multiple strategies including the hierarchical clustering structure, multipath routing discovery protocol, energy-efficient and flexible MAC protocol, and substitute of cluster head. We use two global parameters of total energy and node sum to improve the performances of both cluster head/SCH election and routing discovery In our scheme, these two parameters are updated after every round and calculated by the base station.
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