Abstract
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was diagnosed in 5 to 24 g sized farmed Atlantic cod Gadus morhua kept in sea cages at Parisvatn, Hordaland county, on the west coast of Norway. Moderate mortality (10 to 15%) was observed, along with anorexia and abnormal swimming behaviour, such as looping or spiral swimming and reduced coordination. Nodavirus was detected by 2 different real-time RT-PCR assays, and this was later confirmed by immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of an outbreak of VER in farmed cod in Norway, and the first report that VER affect cod exceeding 5 g in size.
Highlights
Farming of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is a growing industry in Norway, and in 2005 a total of 7410 metric tons (t) were produced (Directorate of Fisheries, Norway)
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was diagnosed in 5 to 24 g sized farmed Atlantic cod Gadus morhua kept in sea cages at Parisvatn, Hordaland county, on the west coast of Norway
Nodavirus and outbreaks of VER have previously been reported in Norway, in juveniles of turbot Scophthalmus maximus suffering from encephalomyelitis (Bloch et al 1991, Johansen et al 2004) and in Atlantic halibut Hippoglussus hippoglossus (Grotmol et al 1995, 1997, Aspehaug et al 1999)
Summary
Farming of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is a growing industry in Norway, and in 2005 a total of 7410 metric tons (t) were produced (Directorate of Fisheries, Norway). Nodavirus and outbreaks of VER have previously been reported in Norway, in juveniles of turbot Scophthalmus maximus suffering from encephalomyelitis (Bloch et al 1991, Johansen et al 2004) and in Atlantic halibut Hippoglussus hippoglossus (Grotmol et al 1995, 1997, Aspehaug et al 1999). Until now, these have been the only fish species reported to suffer from this disease in the Norwegian aquaculture industry.
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