Abstract
Three-dimensional topological nodal lines, the touching curves of two bands in momentum space, which give rise to drumhead surface states, provide an opportunity to explore a variety of exotic phenomena. However, solid evidence for a flat drumhead surface state remains elusive. In this paper, we report a realization of three-dimensional nodal line dispersions and drumhead surface states in phononic crystal. Profiting from its macroscopic nature, the phononic crystal permits a flexible and accurate fabrication for materials with ring-like nodal lines and drumhead surface states. Phononic nodal rings of the lowest two bands and, more importantly, topological drumhead surface states are unambiguously demonstrated. Our system provides an ideal platform to explore the intriguing properties of acoustic waves endowed with extraordinary dispersions.
Highlights
Three-dimensional topological nodal lines, the touching curves of two bands in momentum space, which give rise to drumhead surface states, provide an opportunity to explore a variety of exotic phenomena
Three-dimensional (3D) topological semimetals are characterized by band touching that carries nontrivial topology either at zerodimensional discrete points or along one-dimensional continuum curves
We propose a practical phononic crystal (PC) in three dimensions to measure the nodal rings and drumhead surface states predicted by a simple tight-binding model
Summary
Three-dimensional topological nodal lines, the touching curves of two bands in momentum space, which give rise to drumhead surface states, provide an opportunity to explore a variety of exotic phenomena. Profiting from its macroscopic nature, the phononic crystal permits a flexible and accurate fabrication for materials with ring-like nodal lines and drumhead surface states. The nodal lines carry a nontrivial π Berry flux and produce drumhead surface states, which present numerous exotic topological transport properties[6], such as scattering interference[17] and resonant reflection[18]. Significant efforts, both theoretical[11,12,13,14,15,16] and experimental[19,20], have been made to realize nodal lines in condensed matter physics. Numerical simulations and experimental observations consistently verify the existence of a phononic nodal ring material
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