Nodal histiocytic disorder in children: report of three cases and review of literature

Indumathi Ainer,Hardip Singh Gendeh,Salina Binti Husain,Khadijah Mohd Nor

doi:10.1186/s43163-020-00035-z

Abstract

BackgroundHistiocytic system consists of phagocytes and dendritic cells. Both are found in lymph nodes. Usually, this disorder presents with painless cervical lymph node enlargement hence frequently mistaken for lymphoma or tuberculosis.Case presentationHere, we report three pediatric cases: one of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and two of sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy with neck mass as initial presentation. The final diagnosis was made with fine needle aspiration cytology, biopsy, and ancillary tests.ConclusionBiopsy and immunohistochemistry studies are recommended for determining subtypes of histiocytosis and further management of patient.

Highlights

Histiocytic system consists of phagocytes and dendritic cells
Histiocytic disorders are a family of diseases that occur when there is an overproduction of leucocytes known as histiocytes that can lead to neoplastic formation [2]
Langerhans cell histiocytosis was introduced as a collective designation for a spectrum of clinicopathologic disorders characterized by proliferation of histiocyte such as cells accompanied by eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells

Summary

Background

Childhood histiocytoses are a rare and diverse group of disorders that can cause generalized lymphadenopathy [1]. Case 1 A 10-month old boy presented to our clinic with increasing right neck swelling 1 month prior to presentation. He had a co-existing scalp infection with noisy breathing for 1 month and reduced feeding. Case 2 An 11-month-old boy, brought by his mother, presented with an acute onset of left neck swelling which began 1 month prior It was progressively increasing in size and associated with eczema over face and scalp region. Examination of the neck showed left neck swelling measuring 3 × 4 cm at anterior triangle, firm, nontender with no skin changes He completed a short course of antimicrobial therapy (Co-amoxiclav).

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion