Nocturnal Lagophthalmos and Sleep Quality in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.

Aya Takahashi,Kazuo Tsubota,Kazuno Negishi,Masahiko Ayaki,Miki Uchino

doi:10.3390/life10070105

Aya Takahashi, Kazuo Tsubota + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/life10070105

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Abstract

Nocturnal lagophthalmos (NL) refers to the inability to close the eyelids during sleep, which is known to affect dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of NL and sleep quality in DED patients. We launched a survey website to recruit 2000 Japanese. The participants were asked to answer a questionnaire about DED, sleep quality, and happiness. Participants were divided into two groups according to the presence of DED, and responses were compared between the groups. The DED group was comprised of 890 subjects (44 ± 13.8 years, 359 males) and women were predominant (p < 0.001). Sleep duration was significantly shorter (p = 0.008), sleep latency was longer (p < 0.001), and sleep efficacy was worse compared with the non-DED group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, people belonging to the DED group were more frequently working night shifts (p < 0.001). NL was more prevalent in the DED group (p = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that NL correlated with younger age, symptomatic DED, and eye symptoms upon waking. The current study suggested that NL was associated with worsened DED symptoms and poor sleep quality. Preventative eye care for lagophthalmos before and during sleep may be helpful for DED and sleep quality.

Highlights

Nocturnal lagophthalmos (NL) refers to the inability to close the eyelids during sleep.The involuntary closure of eyelids during sleep provides protection to the ocular globe from mechanical insults [1]
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NL and sleep quality in dry eye disease (DED) patients, and to
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NL and sleep quality in DED patients, and to determine their relationship in order to propose better eye care for DED patients with NL

Summary

Introduction

Nocturnal lagophthalmos (NL) refers to the inability to close the eyelids during sleep. The involuntary closure of eyelids during sleep provides protection to the ocular globe from mechanical insults [1]. Lack of this phenomenon can cause tear film dysfunction and worsen dry eye disease (DED) symptoms. DED is a multifactorial disease of the tear film and is known to be increasing in prevalence worldwide. Its symptoms affect the activities of daily life and patients’ quality of life [2,3,4]. The prevalence of the disease is 5–50% and tends to be higher in women and members of the Hispanic and Asian races, compared to Caucasians [5]

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