Nociceptive spinal withdrawal reflexes but not spinal dorsal horn wide‐dynamic range neuron activities are specifically inhibited by halothane anaesthesia in spinalized rats

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the spinal cord effects and sites of action of different inhaled concentrations (0.5-2%) of the anaesthetic, halothane. Simultaneous recordings were made of 3 Hz, suprathreshold (1.5 x T) electrically evoked spinal dorsal horn (DH) wide-dynamic range (WDR) neuron responses and of single motor unit (SMU) electromyographic (EMG) responses underlying the spinal withdrawal reflex in spinalized Wistar rats. Compared with the baseline responses obtained with 0.5% halothane, the electrically evoked early responses of the DH WDR neurons as well as the SMUs were only depressed by the highest, 2% concentration of halothane. In contrast, 1.5% halothane markedly inhibited the late responses of the DH WDR neurons, whereas 1% halothane started to significantly depress the late responses of the SMUs. Likewise, wind-up of the WDR neuron late responses was inhibited by 1.5-2% halothane, whereas 1-2% halothane significantly depressed wind-up of the SMU EMG late responses. The inhibitory effects of 2% halothane on the early and the late responses of the DH WDR neurons, but not of the SMUs, were completely reversed by opioid micro-receptor antagonist naloxone (0.04 mg/kg). However, no significant effects of naloxone were found on different responses of the DH WDR neurons as well as the SMUs at 0.5-1% halothane, suggesting that different concentrations of halothane may modulate different spinal receptors. We conclude that halothane at high concentrations (1.5-2%) seems to play a predominant inhibitory role via spinal multireceptors on ventral horn (VH) motor neurons, and less on DH sensory WDR neurons, of the spinal cord.