Abstract
Brood of the Australian stingless bee Trigona carbonaria was investigated using microsatellites to determine the origin of males. Genotypes of over 1800 males sampled from ten unrelated colonies were consistent with the hypothesis that the resident queen was the sole mother of the males and that workers, either natal or non-natal (parasitic), did not contribute to the production of males. Dissections of 300 workers from a total of four colonies showed that ovaries are present but not activated.
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