Abstract
No-tillage (NT) has been one of the main advances related to soil management in Brazilian agriculture in the last 30 years. However, its full adoption in lowland areas that are traditionally cultivated with flooded rice is still incipient (<5 %). The main reasons are associated with the soil hydromorphic condition and the management of highly recalcitrant residual crop biomass, demanding soil disturbance even occasionally. This review presents a historical survey about the soil management systems utilized in lowland areas [...]
Highlights
Brazil is the largest rice producer outside the Asian continent, occupying the ninth position worldwide (IRRI, 2019)
This review presents a historical survey about the soil management systems utilized in lowland areas in southern Brazil, emphasizing the experiences of NT adoption in areas with flooded rice
Nutrient accumulation in surface layers is expected in NT, the impacts of the conservation systems and crop rotation adoption in flooded rice are still less prominent in lowlands than those detected in uplands soils
Summary
Brazil is the largest rice producer outside the Asian continent, occupying the ninth position worldwide (IRRI, 2019). Brazilian rice production was equal to 11.8 million tons in the 2020/21 crop season, including both flood irrigation and rainfed systems. The southern Brazil lowlands account for 80 % of the national rice production, which occurs predominantly under flood irrigation systems (Conab, 2021). The traditional system of flooded rice cultivation in lowland soils in RS involves soil disturbance operations, which are usually carried out according to the following steps: removal of levees from the previous crop season, soil tillage through plowing, harrowing and/or land leveling; sowing and construction of levees for irrigation (Sosbai, 2018). Tillage in PG can be performed entirely in flooded soil or partially in dry with complementation in flooded soil This system requires a high degree of soil surface regularization, generally being implemented in leveled areas (Marchesan et al, 2001). Its use has been progressively decreased in recent years due to its substitution for a dry-seeded production system due to environmental restrictions of PG in areas near water resources and the advent of Clearfield® technology to control the weedy rice (Sosbai, 2018)
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