Abstract
ABSTRACT Four no-till seeders were evaluated to determine their effects on soil-seed environment properties, soil water and temperature regimes in seed rows, and subsequent spring wheat emergence in the Pacific Northwest. All treatment variability in wheat emergence could not be explained by differences in seeding depth alone. A seeder equipped with hoe openers (HZ-hoe) protruding below seed placement depth resulted in deep seed placement, extensive disturbance of soil surface, loose seed row environment, and high rate of water loss from seed rows. These factors contributed to slower and lower emergence compared to a seeder with double disc opener (USDA II) which opens seed furrows with minimum soil tillage. Fertilizer placement features with three of these seeders generally increased furrow surface roughness and drying rate of the seed rows compared to the USDA 11 seeder. In contrast, hoe openers of the HZ-hoe seeder, modified for fertilizer placement below the seed, improved seed zone soil water regimes for a short period after seeding by bringing up moist soil from beneath seeding depth.
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