No protective benefits of low dose acute L-glutamine supplementation on small intestinal permeability, epithelial injury and bacterial translocation biomarkers in response to subclinical exertional-heat stress: A randomized cross-over trial

Abstract

ABSTRACT Exertional heat stress disrupts gastrointestinal permeability and, through subsequent bacterial translocation, can result in potentially fatal exertional heat stroke. Glutamine supplementation is a potential countermeasure although previously validated doses are not universally well tolerated. Ten males completed two 80-minute subclinical exertional heat stress tests (EHSTs) following either glutamine (0.3 g kg FFM−1) or placebo supplementation. Small intestinal permeability was assessed using the lactulose/rhamnose dual sugar absorption test and small intestinal epithelial injury using Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP). Bacterial translocation was assessed using the total 16S bacterial DNA and Bacteroides/total 16S DNA ratio. The glutamine bolus was well tolerated, with no participants reporting symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance. Small intestinal permeability was not influenced by glutamine supplementation (p = 0.06) although a medium effect size favoring the placebo trial was observed (d = 0.73). Both small intestinal epithelial injury (p < 0.01) and Bacteroides/total 16S DNA (p = 0.04) increased following exertional heat stress, but were uninfluenced by glutamine supplementation. Low-dose acute oral glutamine supplementation does not protect gastrointestinal injury, permeability, or bacterial translocation in response to subclinical exertional heat stress.