Abstract
Purpose: Cover-Uncover test is used to examine for phoria or tropia. It is believed that most eyes are orthophoric or heterophoric, however we believe that there is always tropia, if a proper careful cover test is done. Design: Prospective observational study Methods: Visibly orthophoric cases without any ocular pathology were included and were examined by correct method of cover test by all authors and collected data were analyzed. Results: One thousand cases of 5-20 years age group, with 682 males and 318 females were included in this study. Cover test revealed a small angle deviation in all cases with exotropia commoner than esotropia. Small angle deviations were usually 2-10 prism diopters (PD), and no associated ocular pathology was present in microtropia. No phoria was present in any case. Conclusion: All eyes have tropias and no phorias are normally present.
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