Abstract
During her thirty-year career, Mary Wright Plummer (1856-1916) directed the Pratt Institute Free Library, founded two library education programs, and became the second woman elected president of the American Library Association. Known for her innovative ideas, she was also a leader in local and state library associations, and by 1900 she was recognized as one of the most internationally visible American librarians. Plummer made several trips abroad, but it was her 1894-95 residence in Europe that profoundly affected her thinking on both a personal and a professional level. Taking a feminist approach to biographical study, this article focuses on Plummer's metamorphosis from a dependent adult daughter of a wealthy Quaker family to an internationally respected library leader who attempted to create an independent life without abandoning her strong family ties.
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