No Good Deed: Acidosis in Chronic Kidney and Liver Disease

Abstract

Studies have shown that low or high serum bicarbonate levels (reflecting metabolic acidosis or alkalosis)are associated with increased all-cause mortality rates in moderate and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases. Correction of presumed acidosis using sodium bicarbonate, targeting serum levels around 22 mmol/l, has proven beneficial in delaying the progression of the disease and provided mortality benefit. A similar prognostic association may exist between uncorrected metabolic acidosis in chronic liver disease. Correcting it with sodium-containing salts may require more interventions due to increased sodium/fluid load. In patients with liver failure, a naturally alkalotic state, where sodium load is a concern, the impact of this intervention is unclear. This study aims to generate proof of concept through a retrospective chart review in individuals with CKD-related metabolic acidosis and liver cirrhosis. We extrapolate that lowering bicarbonate targets in other clinical scenarios like liver failure, pregnancy, and cardiac failure may be prudent and will lead to a lower sodium load.