Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging pathogenic fungal species that is especially worrisome due to its high mortality rates and widespread antifungal resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) nanoparticles on Candida species, and, to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the antifungal effects of a NO-generating nanoparticle on C. auris. Six C. auris strains were incubated with a nanoparticle (NAC-SNO-np), which releases N-acetylcysteine S-nitrosothiol (NAC-SNO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and generates NO, through colony forming unit (CFU) assays, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. NAC-SNO-np effectively eradicates planktonic and biofilm C. auris. Across all six strains, 10 mg/mL NAC-SNO-np significantly reduced the number of CFUs (p < 0.05) and demonstrated a >70% decrease in biofilm viability (p < 0.05). NAC-SNO-np effectively eradicates planktonic C. auris and significantly reduces C. auris biofilm formation. Hence, this novel NO-releasing nanoparticle shows promise as a future therapeutic.
Highlights
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging pathogenic fungal species first isolated in Japan in 2009 [1].C. auris simultaneously emerged on three separate continents and is notable in that isolates from each continent are from different clades [2]
The initial rapid release may be due to the release from the surface of the nanoparticles, and the contents contained within the particles are released at a slower rate
We demonstrate the efficacy of a novel N-acetylcysteine S-nitrosothiol (NAC-SNO)-np treatment platform against six strains of both planktonic and biofilm forms of C. auris
Summary
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging pathogenic fungal species first isolated in Japan in 2009 [1]. C. auris simultaneously emerged on three separate continents and is notable in that isolates from each continent are from different clades [2]. C. auris has spread to all continents except for Antarctica [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. C. auris is phylogenetically most closely related to C. haemulonii This phylogenetic relatedness has made the actual global distribution unclear, in part due to the inability to properly identify C. auris using classic microbiological techniques, commonly misidentifying it as the closely related C. haemulonii [10,11,12]. While the exact global distribution remains unclear, it is apparent that
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