Abstract
Abstract For both the Americans and Iraqis, oil was a key contributor to the First Gulf War. The Iran-Iraq War left Iraq bankrupt with a bloated army at a time of collapsing oil prices. To capture a large share of global supply, and the capacity to control the price, Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. Without the post-OPEC surge in oil prices and the global redistribution of wealth, Iraq would neither have had the resources to fund its war against Iran nor the need to maintain high oil prices following that conflict. For the United States, allowing the invasion to stand would have handed the by-then avowedly anti-American Saddam the ability to control global oil supply and prices. Washington could not tolerate such an outcome. The Americans, leading an international coalition, invaded. The war would produce 3 million refugees.
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