Abstract
Abstract Objective: Some epidemiological studies have reported that caffeine intake is positively associated with urinary incontinence (UI). However, it remains unclear whether caffeine, caffeinated beverages, or both directly influence UI development, or work as a surrogate of unknown risk factors. Therefore, we investigated the association between UI and the intake of caffeinated beverages and total caffeine intake in middle-aged Japanese women. Design: Habitual coffee, Japanese and Chinese tea, and total caffeine intake were assessed using validated self-administered dietary history questionnaires. UI was defined using the Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trondelag Study questionnaire. Subjects: A total of 3,313 women aged 40–59 years from the Three-Generation Study of Women on Diets and Health were included. Results: A total of 1,145 participants (35%) had UI. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for UI in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth ...
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