NMR study of the sol/gel polymerization

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of the hydrolysis-condensation reactions, starting with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), have been studied by 29 Si NMR. A standard experimental procedure for the sol/gel process was used: acid-catalyzed reactions and different concentration ratios of alkoxide and water. The inorganic polymerization was influenced by the following experimenta) parameters: — The starting alkoxides which may exhibit weakly reactive “Si-OR groups”. — The use of gel precursors with different chain lengths which lead to parasite ester exchange reactions. — The variations of pH which modify hydrolysis and condensation rates. — The H 2 O content where an excess of water was required to fully separate hydrolysis and condensation domains, and to eliminate “OR groups” in the gel.