NMR Study of Ligand Exchange and Electron Self-Exchange between Oxo-Centered Trinuclear Clusters [Fe3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CR)6(4-R′py)3]+/0

Abstract

The syntheses, single crystal X-ray structures, and magnetic properties of the homometallic μ₃-oxo trinuclear clusters [Fe₃(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CCH₃)₆(4-Phpy)₃](ClO₄) (1) and [Fe₃(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CAd)₆(4-Mepy)₃](NO₃) (2) are reported (Ad = adamantane). The persistence of the trinuclear structure within 1 and 2 in CD₂Cl₂ and C₂D₂Cl₄ solutions in the temperature range 190-390 K is demonstrated by ¹H NMR. An equilibrium between the mixed pyridine clusters [Fe₃(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CAd)₆(4-Mepy)(3-x)(4-Phpy)(x)](NO₃) (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) with a close to statistical distribution of these species is observed in CD₂Cl₂ solutions. Variable-temperature NMR line-broadening made it possible to quantify the coordinated/free 4-Rpy exchanges at the iron centers of 1 and 2: k(ex)²⁹⁸ = 6.5 ± 1.3 × 10⁻¹ s⁻¹, ΔH(‡) = 89.47 ± 2 kJ mol⁻¹, and ΔS(‡) = +51.8 ± 6 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for 1 and k(ex)²⁹⁸ = 3.4 ± 0.5 × 10⁻¹ s⁻¹, ΔH(‡) = 91.13 ± 2 kJ mol⁻¹, and ΔS(‡) = +51.9 ± 5 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for 2. A limiting D mechanism is assigned for these ligand exchange reactions on the basis of first-order rate laws and positive and large entropies of activation. The exchange rates are 4 orders of magnitude slower than those observed for the ligand exchange on the reduced heterovalent cluster [Fe(III)₂Fe(II)(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CCH₃)₆(4-Phpy)₃] (3). In 3, the intramolecular Fe(III)/Fe(II) electron exchange is too fast to be observed. At low temperatures, the 1/3 intermolecular second-order electron self-exchange reaction is faster than the 4-Phpy ligand exchange reactions on these two clusters, suggesting an outer-sphere mechanism: k₂²⁹⁸ = 72.4 ± 1.0 × 103 M⁻¹ s⁻¹, ΔH(‡) = 18.18 ± 0.3 kJ mol⁻¹, and ΔS(‡) = -90.88 ± 1.0 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹. The [Fe₃(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CCH₃)₆(4-Phpy)₃](+/0) electron self-exchange reaction is compared with the more than 3 orders of magnitude faster [Ru₃(μ₃-O)(μ-O₂CCH₃)₆(py)₃](+/0) self-exchange reaction (ΔΔG(exptl)(‡298) = 18.2 kJ mol⁻¹). The theoretical estimated self-exchange rate constants for both processes compare reasonably well with the experimental values. The equilibrium constant for the formation of the precursor to the electron-transfer and the free energy of activation contribution for the solvent reorganization to reach the electron transfer step are taken to be the same for both redox couples. The larger ΔG(exptl)(‡298) for the 1/3 iron self-exchange is attributed to the larger (11.1 kJ mol⁻¹) inner-sphere reorganization energy of the 1 and 3 iron clusters in addition to a supplementary energy (6.1 kJ mol⁻¹) which arises as a result of the fact that each encounter is not electron-transfer spin-allowed for the iron redox couple.