Abstract

The presence of paramagnetic metal centers causes paramagnetic shift and relaxation effects on the resonances of NMR-active nuclei of ligand molecules. The origins of these shift and relaxation effects are analysed theoretically. The contact and dipolar effects, as well as the Curie spin relaxation effects, are illustrated with examples from transition metal-containing metalloproteins, and lanthanides used as extrinsic probes of proteins. In particular, structural information obtainable from lanthanide probes is critically appraised. The NMRD technique of study of nuclear paramagnetic relaxation is presented and illustrated for small Mn(II) and Gd(III) chelates useful as contrast agents for MRI.

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