NMR Spectroscopy in Liquids and Solids

Abstract

Physical Basis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclei in the External Magnetic Field Radio-frequency Irradiation: Continuous Wave and Radio-frequency Pulses From Nuclear Relaxation to Shapes of NMR Signals Registration of NMR Signals: General Principles and NMR Equipment Enhancement of Sensitivity in NMR Experiments Two-Dimensional and Multi-Quantum NMR Experiments: General Aspects References and Recommended Literature Chemical Shift and Nuclear Coupling Theory and Practical Consequences Phenomenology of Chemical Shift Chemical Shifts in the Presence of Unpaired Electrons Spin-Spin Coupling Dipolar Coupling Quadrupolar Coupling References and Recommended Literature Nuclear Relaxation: Theory and Measurements Molecular Motions: Common Characteristics Mechanisms of Spin-Spin and Spin-Lattice Nuclear Relaxation Spin Diffusion in Solids Paramagnetic Relaxation Relaxation Time Measurements Experiments and Measurements: Errors, Problems, and Artifacts Artifacts in Relaxation Time Measurements References and Recommended Literature NMR and Molecular Dynamics: General Principles Kinetics of Chemical Reactions by NMR Spectroscopy Chemical Exchange Molecular Mobility from Relaxation Times NMR Relaxometry: Diffusion Coefficients Molecular Dynamics from Low-Field NMR References and Recommended Literature NMR Spectroscopy in Solutions: Practice and Strategies of Structural Studies Preparation of NMR Samples: Minimal Requirements Structural Studies by Solution NMR: General Strategies and 1D and 2D NMR Experiments Conformational (Isomeric) Analysis by NMR in Solutions NOE and Residual Dipolar Coupling Measurements in Structural Studies References and Recommended Literature NMR Relaxation in Solutions: Applications Partially Relaxed NMR Spectra: Resolving the Unresolved Signals and Assigning NMR Signals Relaxation Times in Solutions: Quadrupolar Coupling Constants and Chemical Shift Anisotropy NMR Relaxation and Intermolecular Interactions Solvent Relaxation Relaxation in Molecular Systems with Chemical Exchanges Structural Aspects Obtained from Relaxation in Solutions References and Recommended Literature Solution NMR: Special Issues Optical Isomers in NMR Spectra Solution NMR of Biomolecules: General Principles Dynamics in Liquids by NMR para-Hydrogen and NMR Spectroscopy in Solutions Solution NMR Spectroscopy and Heterogeneous Molecular Systems Free Radicals in NMR Spectra of Solutions References and Recommended Literature Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: General Principles and Strategies Detection of NMR Signals in Solids General Approaches and Strategies of NMR Studies in Solids Increasing Spectral Resolution in Solid-State NMR Assignments of Signals Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Applications References and Recommended Literature Molecular Dynamics and Nuclear Relaxation in Solids: Applications Temperature Control and Calibration in Solid-State NMR Unusually Fast Molecular Dynamics in Solids Molecular Dynamics in Solids Determined by Full Line-Shape Analysis One- and Two-Dimensional Exchange NMR Spectroscopy in Solids: Slow Molecular Dynamics Dynamics in Solids by Cross-Polarization NMR Experiments Molecular Dynamics in Solids by NMR Relaxation Measurements: Common Aspects of Applications Dynamics in Heterogeneous and Disordered Solids: NMR Spectra and Relaxation Dispersion Dynamics in Solids under High Pressure References and Recommended Literature Solid-State NMR: Special Issues Solid-State NMR of Proteins Solid-State NMR in Metals and Alloys Porous Diamagnetic Solids: Porosity via NMR Experiments Solid-State NMR and Paramagnetic Molecular Systems Nuclear Relaxation in Paramagnetic Solids: Applications References and Recommended Literature Concluding Remark