Abstract
Asphaltenes are the most polar oil components with molecular weights between 500 and 1000 Da, which primarily consist of carbons and hydrogens, some heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and traces of nickel, vanadium and iron. Owing to their extreme complexity, it is almost impossible to completely identify all the compounds present in asphaltene samples. Various analytical techniques and approaches were used to characterize asphaltenes but their structure and composition are still a matter of thorough investigations. NMR spectroscopy can reveal useful information on asphaltene molecular architecture and aggregation process. In that respect, one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques have widely been employed. Although NMR spectra of these complex mixtures are difficult to interpret, they still can provide valuable data, especially in combination with statistical methods. Some distinctive examples of using NMR spectroscopy to study asphaltenes are given in this review.
Highlights
A common feature of crude oil and its fractions is a very complex chemical composition
Detailed understanding of the crude oil composition and its chemical and physical properties is crucial for the right application of appropriate processing facilities and the quality evaluation of crude oil and its final products.[1,2]
The results showed that each polyaromatic cluster the equation (3): consisted of 6–7 aromatic rings, which was in a good agreement with the predicted Yen-Mullins model
Summary
A common feature of crude oil and its fractions is a very complex chemical composition. Asphaltenes are the most problematic crude oil components and critical to all aspects of petroleum use, including production, transportation and refining.[3] At high temperatures, they can polymerize and convert into coke or asphaltic residue. They may aggregate and precipitate during petroleum processing and form aggregates, causing serious problems including reduction in oil flow, blocking of production pipes and some drawbacks during the processing of heavy ends, such as coke formation, corrosion, catalyst deactivation and poisoning. During the past few decades, a great attention has been paid to resolve asphaltene structure and aggregation process
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