NMR Spectroscopic and quantum chemical characterization of the (E)‐ and (Z)‐ isomers of the penta‐1,3‐dienyl‐2‐cation

Abstract

Dilute solutions of the (E )− and (Z )− isomers of pent-1,3-dienyl-2-cations (1) were obtained from reaction of 4-chloro-1,2-pentadiene (2) with SbF5 in SO2ClF/SO2F2 at −135 °C using high-vacuum co-condensation techniques. The experimental NMR spectra of the mixture of the two isomers were compared with quantum chemical 13C NMR chemical shift calculations at HF-SCF, MP2, CCSD and CCSD(T) levels using MP2/tzp geometries. Quantum chemical shift calculations were performed with a tzp basis (9s5p1d/5s3p1d) for carbon and a dz basis (4s/2s) for hydrogen using gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). The HF-SCF calculations deviate significantly for the positively charged carbon atoms of the allyl-type resonance system showing up to 40 ppm too deshielded values compared with the experimentally observed chemical shifts. The HF-SCF approach is therefore not sufficient in predicting satisfactorily the shielding tensors in this type of carbocation. Inclusion of electron correlation, however, allows an unequivocal assignment of the spectra of the Z- and E-isomers. The mean deviation between experimental and calculated NMR chemical shifts at the CCSD(T) level is 1.8 and 2.0 ppm for (Z)- and (E)-1, respectively. The dienyl cations (E/Z)-1 are the smallest vinyl cations ever generated as persistent species in superacidic solutions and observed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. These carbocations were structurally fully characterized by advanced ab initio quantum chemical calculations of structure and NMR chemical shifts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.