Abstract
Longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and transverse spin-spin relaxation (T2) reveal valuable information for studying molecular dynamics in NMR applications. Accurate relaxation measurements from conventional 1D proton spectra are generally subject to challenges of spectral congestion caused by J coupling splittings and spectral line broadenings due to magnetic field inhomogeneity. Here, we present an NMR relaxation method based on real-time pure shift techniques to overcome these two challenges and achieve accurate measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times from complex samples that contain crowded NMR resonances even under inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Both theoretical analyses and detailed experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and ability of the proposed method for accurate relaxation measurements on complex samples and its practicability to non-ideal magnetic field conditions.
Highlights
Relaxation times, including longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation (T1 ) and transverse spin-spin relaxation (T2 ), reveal valuable information for studying molecular dynamics in practical NMR applications [1,2,3]
In view of the possible challenges encountered in relaxation experiments, i.e., spectral congestion caused by J coupling splittings and spectral line broadening due to field inhomogeneity, we introduce the real-time Zangger–Sterk (ZS) pure shift technique [25] into the relaxation modules of IR
We performed experiments on the quinine sample in well-shimmed and deshimmed magnetic fields to show the ability of the real-time ZS-IR/Carr–Purcell Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) for relaxation measurements on complex samples that contain crowded NMR resonances and suffer from field inhomogeneity (Figure 3)
Summary
Relaxation times, including longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation (T1 ) and transverse spin-spin relaxation (T2 ), reveal valuable information for studying molecular dynamics in practical NMR applications [1,2,3]. In view of the possible challenges encountered in relaxation experiments, i.e., spectral congestion caused by J coupling splittings and spectral line broadening due to field inhomogeneity, we introduce the real-time Zangger–Sterk (ZS) pure shift technique [25] into the relaxation modules of IR and CPMG, and propose an approach, dubbed real-time ZS-IR/CPMG, to overcome these two challenges and achieve accurate T1 and T2 relaxation measurements on complex samples containing crowded. Benefitting from the slice-selective property of the ZS pure shift technique [26,27], both J coupling splitting and field inhomogeneity primarily along the static field B0 direction can be eliminated, making the real-time ZS-IR/CPMG method able to resolve crowed NMR resonances and record high-resolution 1D spectra for T1 and T2 relaxation measurements even in inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Theoretical analyses and related experiments were performed to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed real-time ZS-IR/CPMG
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