Abstract
The double-resonance spectrum of an AB m C n {X}spin system is treated theoretically and experimentally. In the cases under investigation, X is a nitrogen-15 nucleus in natural abundance, A is the proton directly bonded to nitrogen, and B m and C m are two groups of magnetically equivalent protons. It is shown that A transitions depend not only on J AX, ω X and Ω 2 (the double irradiation frequency) but also on J BX and J CX. These features combined with difference Fourier spectroscopy (according to a previously published method) allow the determination in magnitude and sign of long-range nitrogen-proton couplings from the double-resonance spectrum of the proton directly bonded to nitrogen. Measurements have been performed on a series of amides. Additional comments are given concerning chemical shift determination from double-resonance spectra.
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