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Abstract
Se determinó el número cromosómico de once especies recientemente descriptas del género Arachís, pertenecientes a cinco secciones taxonómicas. En la sección Arachís, A. Gregoryí y A. Krapovíckasíí presentan 2n520 cromosomas sin el par “A”, mientras A. línearífolía y A. Schíníníí presentan 2n520, incluyendo el par “A”, típico del genomio A de A. hypogaea. Arachís Schíníníí presenta características citológicas (presencia del par “A”) y morfológicas distintas de A. Hoehneí, bajo la cual estuvo incluida. Arachís submargínata (sección Extranervosae), A. Pflugeae y A. Hasslerí (sección Procumbentes), y A. serídoénsís y A. ínterrupta (sección Heteranthae) también presentan 2n520. Una especie de la sección Rhízomatosae, A. nítída, es tetraploide, con 2n540, pero morfológicamente distinta de las demás especies tetraploides de la sección. En la sección Erectoídes, la nueva especie A. porphyrocalyx presenta 2n518. Este es el primer recuento de 18 cromosomas en especies de Arachís que no pertenecen a la sección Arachís y su origen no está asociado al origen de los 18 cromosomas de las tres especies de la sección Arachís.
Highlights
The genus Arachis L. is a diverse taxon containing the cultivated peanut, A. hypogaea L. and its wild relatives
Krapovickas & Gregory (1994) published a detailed treatise on the morphology and taxonomy of 69 species of Arachis. They proposed the classification of these species into nine sections, according to their morphological similarities, cross-compatibility, pollen viability of hybrids, and chromosome morphology
The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics of Cenargen and voucher specimens are deposited at the Cenargen Herbarium (CEN)
Summary
The genus Arachis L. is a diverse taxon containing the cultivated peanut, A. hypogaea L. and its wild relatives. Krapovickas & Gregory (1994) published a detailed treatise on the morphology and taxonomy of 69 species of Arachis. They proposed the classification of these species into nine sections, according to their morphological similarities, cross-compatibility, pollen viability of hybrids, and chromosome morphology. Since 1994, new expeditions have been conducted in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, resulting in the collection of additional new species These accessions, including some of the rare specimens temporarilly set aside or published as possibly belonging to some of the 69 species considered by Krapovickas & Gregory (1994), have been described as eleven new species of Arachis (Valls & Simpson, 2005)
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