Abstract
NLRs: Sentinels of innate immunity or cancer culprits?
Highlights
The intersections between innate immunity and cancer have been investigated for decades, with widespread acceptance that chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis or progression of several types of malignancies
The most studied NLRs include NOD1 (NLRC1) and NOD2 (NLRC2), which are responsible by the activation of innate immunity signaling pathways through recognition of particular bacterial peptidoglycan derivatives
NOD activation is driven by NACHT domain-mediated self-oligomerization and by CARD-CARD interactions with downstream effectors, including RIP2, which recruits TAB/TAK complexes to activate IκB kinase complex (IKK) and MAPK kinases, resulting in NF-κB and AP-1 signaling activation, respectively [2]
Summary
The intersections between innate immunity and cancer have been investigated for decades, with widespread acceptance that chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis or progression of several types of malignancies. A total of 22 NLRs have been described in humans, but this number rises when considering atypical members that possess alternate domain structures. Members is lacking, our insights into the diversity of activators of these proteins and the downstream signaling pathways they control are limited to a few of the family members.
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