Abstract
Polymorphisms in the intracellular pattern recognition receptor gene NLRP3 have been associated with susceptibility to Crohn’s disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Following tissue damage or infection, NLRP3 triggers the formation of inflammasomes, containing NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, which mediate secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. However, the precise role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mucosal inflammation and barrier protection remains unclear. Here we show that upon infection with the attaching/effacing (A/E) intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, Nlrp3−/− and Asc−/− mice displayed increased bacterial colonization and dispersion, more severe weight loss and exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Analyses of irradiation bone marrow chimeras revealed that protection from disease was mediated through Nlrp3 activation in non-hematopoietic cells and was initiated very early after infection. Thus, early activation of Nlrp3 in intestinal epithelial cells limits pathogen colonization and prevents subsequent pathology, potentially providing a functional link between NLRP3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to IBD.
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