Abstract
Introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV-1 has dramatically decreased plasma viral-load levels in many patients. However, the therapy can only eliminate circulating virus. Latently infected and long-living cells present a major hurdle in the eradication of HIV-1 in infected individuals. Initially, the reappearance of virus observed after discontinuation of therapy was proposed to be caused by quiescent CD4+ Tlymphocytes. The lack of genetic identity between the rebounding virus and the virus present in the latent T cell reservoir, observed in several patients, suggests that other sources of latently infected cells might be involved in viral rebound.
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