Nitrous Oxide from Beef Cattle Manure: Effects of Temperature, Water Addition and Manure Properties on Denitrification and Nitrification

Heidi M. Waldrip,Kenneth D. Casey,Mindy J. Spiehs,Bryan Woodbury,Sierra Miller,Richard W. Todd,Byeng R. Min,Daniel N. Miller,David B. Parker

doi:10.3390/atmos11101056

Abstract

Beef feedyards produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Limited research has evaluated the processes that produce feedyard N2O, and how rainfall and temperature impact N2O losses. Manure in feedyard pens develops into a complex ecosystem of microbes, extracellular enzymes, feces, and urine, with varying H2O content. This study aimed to improve understanding of feedyard N cycling under differing environmental conditions by incubation of manure in simulated feedyard pens using large chambers under laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that nitrification was the primary source of feedyard N2O, with interactions among temperature, H2O content, and manure properties. Emissions of N2O were monitored with a real–time N2O analyzer. Manure samples were taken at intervals for analyses of physicochemical properties, denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and nitrification activity (NA). Due to equipment limitations, there was only one chamber per temperature tested. Correlation was poor among N2O emissions and rates of DEA and NA. However, significant relationships were found among key manure characteristics, such as ammonia/ammonium and nitrate/nitrite concentrations, manure dry matter, redox status, and temperature. These data suggest that most N2O was derived from denitrification in the top 5 cm of the manure pack. Further study is warranted to identify the processes involved in flushes of N2O emitted immediately after rainfall, possibly due to abiotic chemical reactions that release N2O sequestered in manure pores.

Highlights

Beef cattle feedyards produce nitrous oxide (N2 O) from manure [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Manure dry matter (DM) was negatively related to N2 O emissions (p ≤ 0.001) at both depths (Figure 6), indicating that a higher H2 O content led to increased emissions and suggesting denitrification as a N2 O production mechanism
Correlation analyses of all variables against N2 O emissions proved useful in identifying key parameters involved in N2 O production and emission from dry feedyard manure

Summary

Introduction

Beef cattle feedyards produce nitrous oxide (N2 O) from manure [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) implicated in climate change due to a global warming potential (GWP) of265–298 carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e). Beef cattle feedyards produce nitrous oxide (N2 O) from manure [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Of environmental denitrification generally occurTwo under differing Primary modes conditions of N2 O production soil, manure, other substrates are nitrification denitrification [5,8]. Denitrification generally occur microbial community structureand and activity) but canNitrification occur simultaneously or in tandem in complex under differing conditions Despite significant research on feedyard N2O, a few key questions remain: (1) What and activity) but can occur simultaneously or in tandem in complex ecosystems. Despite significant processes are involved in feedyard N2O production and how are they affected by temperature and research on feedyard N2 O, a few key questions remain: (1) What processes are involved in feedyard rainfall? N(2)

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