Abstract
AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) was emitted during a frost period from an old grassland as well as during thawing. Soil incubations at various times throughout the freezing period showed that highest emission rates were emitted around 0 °C, and the magnitude of the emission peak increased with the length of the freezing period. Highest N2O emissions during freezing and thawing were measured from soil previously treated with nitrate (NO3‐). The emitted N2O was produced via reduction of NO3‐. The steady drop in N2O emission at soil temperatures higher than 2 °C coincided with large dinitrogen (N2) emissions which most likely reflected the increasing enzymatic activity of N2O reductase with increasing temperatures. Measurements of mineral N concentrations showed that NO3‐ and NH4+, which were shortly after fertilizer application immobilized into the microbial biomass, became partly available again through the freezing effect and caused large N2O emissions in winter. This study provided evidence that N2O emissions during freezing and thawing in the winter are due to biological rather than chemical activity in soil.
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