Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performance of nitrogen (N) efficient use by ‘Fascinato’ (F), ‘Jannette’ (J), ‘Orangela’ (O), and ‘Sweet’ (S) cultivars grafted onto ‘Terrano’ (T) and ‘Robusto’ (R) rootstocks. Such evaluation was achieved by analyses of physiological and biochemical variables involved in N metabolism between grafted and ungrafted plants. Our findings point out that grafted ‘Fascinato’ cultivar (F/T) registered greatest relative leaf chlorophyll content, total chlorophyll concentration, a higher NR activity than did graft ‘Janette’ cultivar (J/T). In addition, these results reveal high significance with the interaction variety*date for these variables (relative leaf Chl, total Chl and NR activity), during the months of fruit yield of grafted bell pepper cultivars. This situation suggest than the effect of grafting under the increased of crop yield depend on the type of variety, as resulted with grafted ‘Fascinato’ cultivar.
Highlights
In Mexico, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable with high demand worldwide that the farmers produce in open fields and greenhouse
It found than fruit yield was significantly higher for ‘Fascinato’ cultivars compared with the rest of colored bell pepper cultivar studied
We demonstrated that grafting improves crop yield of bell pepper cultivars
Summary
In Mexico, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable with high demand worldwide that the farmers produce in open fields and greenhouse. Bell peppers are a rich source of antioxidants than can varied among the genotypes (red, yellow, orange, green, chocolate/brown, vanilla/white, and purple), at both the mature and whole ripened stages (Chávez et al, 2015) These antioxidant phytochemicals have scientifically proven abilities to prevent some types of cancers, they have an effect in the control of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and they influence positively preventing the agings process (Selahle et al, 2015). Several studies carried out around the world and in different environments, have shown that between 50 and 70% of the total N applied to the soil, is lost as a result of runoff, denitrification, volatilization and leaching (Montemurro and Diacono, 2016) This macroelement, is considered a potential environmental contaminant, and the efficiency (NUE) of its rational use, is fundamental for agricultural sustainability and natural environmental conservation (Yasuor et al, 2013; Mascleaux-Daubresse et al, 2010). Care in the application of nitrogen fertilizers in crops, has become a priority in recent years, due to the worrying increase in nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in groundwater, which have been associated with the excessive application of these Fertilizers in agriculture (Del Amor, 2007; Yasuor et al, 2013)
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