Nitrogen Turnover in Forest Floors of Coastal Douglas-Fir at Sites Differing in Soil Nitrogen Capital

Abstract

Nitrogen cycling is generally considered to be more rapid on sites with high availability of N; this is usually associated with differences in tree species composition. We tested whether N cycling in stands of a single tree species increased with increasing mineral soil nitrogen capital. Rates of N cycling in nine stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were estimated by measuring annual N input in litter, N content of the forest floor, and net N mineralization rate in the forest floor. Rates of C and N turnover were estimated from the litterfall:forest floor ratio. The amount of N returned in litter increased as soil N capital increased. The increase in litter N content resulted from both increased litter mass (C content) and increased N concentration in litter. Despite the greater litter input, forest floor mass was smaller at N-rich sites, indicating more rapid turnover of the forest floor on N-rich sites. There was a positive relationship between fractional annual loss of N from the forest floor and soil N capital. Therefore, even without changes in tree species composition, sites with greater soil N capital returned more N in annual litterfall and had faster turnover of N in the forest floor. Fractional annual loss of C also increased with increasing soil N capital, indicating faster decomposition on N-rich sites. The rate of net N mineralization during laboratory incubations of the forest floor was not correlated with soil N capital or N concentrations of litter, but was related to the C:N ratio of the forest floor. Net N mineralization was appreciable only at two sites where forest floor C:N ratios were <35. The rate of net N mineralization or C:N ratio of the forest floor were not good indicators of N availability at these sites. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that rates of N cycling are faster on N-rich sites, and that this effect can occur in the absence of changes in tree species composition.