Abstract
It was found that in a meter-thick layer of chernozem leached in a pure bare fallow field crop rotation: bare fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat steam can accumulate up to 70 kg / ha of nitrate nitrogen, 50–70% of which is concentrated in a layer of 0–40 cm, and the supply of plants very high. The content and reserves of nitrogen in the layers 0–40 and 0–100 cm of soil in all variants of the experiment had a high direct relationship with the reserves of productive moisture, the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.88–0.99 and 0.84–0.98, respectively. Mineral fertilizers applied by various methods in the form of fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Azofoska) at a dose of 43 kg a. s. / ha did not compensate for the nitrogen removal by spring wheat; their supply of plants at the end of the crop rotation remained very low. At the same time, 50–70% of its reserves were concentrated in the 0–40 cm soil layer. The greatest absorption of nitrogen by microorganisms in the arable soil layer occurred in the control, and mineral fertilizers reduced it by 2 times. Nitrogen deficiency in the soil on average for 3 years in the control was 30 kg / ha, and with the introduction of azophoska in rows, scattered and locally – 23; 10 and 9 kg / ha, respectively. The largest increase in wheat yield and payback of 1 kg of a. s. of mineral fertilizers with grain was obtained with spread and row application – 23 and 26% to the control and 10 and 11 kg / kg, respectively, the smallest – with local – 9% and 4 kg / kg.
Highlights
Occurred in the control, and mineral fertilizers reduced it by 2 times
The largest increase in wheat yield and payback of 1 kg of a. s. of mineral fertilizers with grain was obtained with spread and row application – 23 and 26 % to the control and 10 and 11 kg / kg, respectively, the smallest – with local – 9 %
Effect and aftereffect of mineral fertilizers applied in different ways on the yield of grain crops on leached black soil, c/ha
Summary
Исследования выполнены на учебноопытном поле НГАУ учхоза «Тулинское» (северная лесостепь Приобья), где в течение трех лет в звене зернового севооборота «пар чистый – пшеница – пшеница – пшеница» изучали действие минеральных удобрений, а на четвертый год – их последействие на азотный режим почвы и продуктивность зерновых культур. Содержание гумуса в пахотном слое почвы – 5,70 %, N – 0,266, Р – 0,191 %, нитратного азота – 13,1 мг/кг, а в слое 0–40 см – 19,3, легкодоступного фосфора – 0,38, подвижного фосфора – 109,8, обменного калия – 153,4 мг/кг; рН – 7,17; сумма обменных оснований – 38,8 мг-экв/100 г почвы, из которых 77,1 % составляет кальций. 2. Разбросное внесение удобрений (вручную перед весенней культивацией). 4. Локальное внесение (врезание сеялкой СН-16 на глубину 10–12 см перед посевом). Статистическая обработка данных проведена корреляционным и дисперсионным анализами с помощью пакета программ «SNEDECOR» [13]
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