Nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid production by Azospi‐rillum sp. as influenced by an insecticide, carbofuran

Abstract

Both indole acetic acid (IAA) accumulation and nitrogen fixation were increased in Azospirillum cultures isolated from rice roots and soils by carbofuran (2, 3‐dihydro‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl‐N‐methyl carbamate), an insecticide widely used in rice cultivation. Addition of carbofuran at 5 and 10 parts/106 significantly stimulated nitrogen fixation in Azospirillum. Indole acetic acid accumulation by Azospirillum cultures was more pronounced at a lower level (250 g/50 ml) of carbofuran. Evidence is provided for carbofuran degradation by Azospirillum cultures. The 7‐benzofuranol (2, 3‐dihydro‐2–2‐dimethyl‐7 benzofuranol), a major degradation product of carbofuran, however, did not enhance the IAA accumulation. The higher accumulation of IAA in Azospirillum in the presence of carbofuran is probably related to the increased growth due to fixed N present in the insecticide. Results indicate the involvement of parent compound carbofuran and/or compounds other than the 7‐benzofuranol in the higher accumulation of IAA by Azospirillum sp.