Nitrogen Fertilization on a Soybean Crop Grown on Black Oat and Forage Pea Straw in a Clayey Latosol in Western Paraná

Lucas Da Silveira,Luciene Kazue Tokura,Simone Andreia Roehrs,Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior,Pablo Chang,Caroline Beal Montiel,Claudia Borgmann,Fernando Muller,Bruna De Villa,Deonir Secco,Reginaldo Ferreira Santos

doi:10.5539/jas.v11n7p196

Lucas Da Silveira, Luciene Kazue Tokura + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n7p196

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Abstract

The beneficial effects to the soil, when using cover crops, are numerous, such as nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, breaking of the cycle of pests and diseases, soil structuring and addition of dry matter. This makes the subsequent crop better able to express its productive potential. The nitrogen is a key element for any plant, especially in the early stages of crop development. In this way, the purpose of this study work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses on the grain yield of soybeans grown on black oat and forage pea straw in a clayey Latosol in the western region of Paran&aacute;, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Agronomic Institute of Paran&aacute; (IAPAR), in the regional hub of Santa Tereza do Oeste. The local soil is classified as a typical Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with five replicates. The treatments consisted of nitrogen doses of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 applied in a broadcasting cover, without incorporation, using urea as a nitrogen source, at 20 days after emergence when the plants were in stage V3. The soil physical attributes were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, and macroporosity. In the soybean crop, the production components evaluated were: plant height, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of grains. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which, for the quantitative factors, a regression analysis was performed and, for the qualitative characteristics, the Tukey test (p &lt; 0.05) was performed. The mineral addition of nitrogen did not lead to an increase in grain yield of the cultivated soybean on the species of oat or forage pea cover. Thus, it can be stated that in well-structured clayey Latosols with high fertility, the nitrogen present in the soil organic matter and what was fixed symbiotically is sufficient to supply the nitrogen demand for the soybean crop.

Highlights

With the use of soil cover plants, diversity and the stability of the no-till system (NTS) occurs
With the knowledge of the beneficial effects of the use of cover crops and that the applications of nitrogen fertilizers of mineral origin may or may not complement natural biological fixation and, subsequently, increase soybean grain yields, this study aims to evaluate the effect of doses of N in the grain yield of soybeans grown on black oats and forage pea straw in a clayey Latosol in the western region of Paraná, Brazil
Bulk density (Ds) is the attribute that allows an inference of the conditions of soil compaction and the subsequent understanding of the occurrence or non-occurrence of physical impediments to the growth of the root system of the plants (Guariz et al, 2009)

Summary

Introduction

With the use of soil cover plants, diversity and the stability of the no-till system (NTS) occurs. Resources such as water and nutrients are used in a rational way, thereby providing gains for the system itself in terms of fertility and soil physics (Moro et al, 2013; Araujo et al, 2015; Farias et al, 2015). Plenty of nutrients are found in crop residue. N is found in nitric (NO3-) and ammoniacal (NH4+) forms. It is in these forms that N is absorbed and assimilated by the plant (Taiz & Zeiger, 2010)

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