Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is a constituent of life. Since its discovery in the late 18th century and its essential role in plant growth acknowledged in the mid-19th century, the quest for N was launched and has never ended. N fertilizers have become synonym of more food for an ever-growing world population. Despite the compelling need to use more N fertilizers to feed the world, it is worth considering the side-effects of their mismanagement not only on the environment but equally on health. After reviewing the overall impacts of agricultural production on soil N content, the pros and cons of introducing N fertilizers in crop production are discussed. Finally, alternatives to minimize adverse effects of N fertilizers are mentioned.

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