Nitrogen Fertilization Causes Changes in Agricultural Characteristics and Gas Emissions in Rice Field

Abstract

Rice is a source of food for the majority of the global population. Currently, the rice yield is declining owing to extreme climate change. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizers to increase the yield; however, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has a negative impact on plants and the environment. Nitrogen fertilizer is necessary for the growth of rice, but it is an important cause of environ-mental pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO) emitted from rice fields due to nitrogen fertilizer reacts with greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane, affecting global warming. Although CO does not directly affect global warming, it is a gas that needs attention because it reacts with various other gases. In this study, a chamber was designed and manufactured to collect the CO emitted from the paddy field after nitrogen fertilizer application in 2021 and 2022. In paddy fields, nitrogen fertilizer treatment affected the pH, EC, and soil temperature, and affected various agricultural traits. Various agricultural characteristics and the number of spikes, number of tillers, and chlorophyll content increased with nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas the amylose content decreased. Adequate nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to increase the rice yield; however, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has a serious negative effect on grain quality and can accelerate global warming by releasing CO from paddy fields. The appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer can have a positive effect on farmers by increasing yield. However, caution should be exercised in the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizers, as excessive nitrogen fertilizers increase the emission of CO, which affects greenhouse gases.