Abstract
Abstract The use of advanced seedlings associated with the annual cultivation of passion fruit are important management techniques for living with the fruit-hardening virus (FEV). However, this technology still needs information on nitrogen fertilization and spacing between plants, so that it is possible to recover crop’s productivity. The objective of this research was to identify the nitrogen dose (N) and the most suitable spacing for annual orchards installed with advanced seedlings (1.2 m high) of yellow passion fruit. The experiment was carried out in the field, in Mogi Mirim, SP, between October 2017 and July 2018. A randomized block design was used in subdivided plots; the treatments were doses of N in coverage such as 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 and spacing between plants of 2.0 and 4.0 m and 3.0 m between lines. The dose found for maximum production, 15.4 kg of fruit pl-1, and adequate physical-chemical quality of the fruit for the yellow passion fruit was 130.7 kg ha-1 of N. The most densified spacing, of 2 x 3 m, provided greater productivity and number of thousand fruits per hectare, respectively, 20.7 t ha-1 and 139.5 thousand fruits ha-1.
Highlights
Brazil stands out in the world production and consumption of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and is the largest producer with 593,429 t with a cultivated area of 41,800 ha, the national average productivity of 14.2 t ha-1 is considered low (IBGE, 2019)
The objective of this study was to evaluate passion fruit development, production and quality of fruit according to nitrogen dose applied in coverage, and meeting the other recommendations of macro and micronutrients applied to the soil, as well as orchard spacing implanted with advanced seedlings in annual cultivation, which should assist in the recovery of passion fruit productivity in the state of São Paulo
There was no interaction between the nitrogen (N) doses and the spacing between plants as well as the isolated effect of the N for the vegetative development characteristics in the passion fruit
Summary
Brazil stands out in the world production and consumption of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and is the largest producer with 593,429 t with a cultivated area of 41,800 ha, the national average productivity of 14.2 t ha-1 is considered low (IBGE, 2019). The hardening fruit virus (HFV), the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), causes the greatest damage and is present in most producing regions. It is one of the main causes of 48.6 % reduction in the cultivated area in the State of São Paulo since 1995 (NASCIMENTO et al, 2006; YUKI et al, 2006; DAMATTO JUNIOR et al, 2014). In 2019, the State of São Paulo produced 30,809 t of fruit in 1,885 ha, making it the fourth largest producer state (IBGE, 2019) Infected plants have their production reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, as the fruits become smaller, deformed and hardened, the aggressiveness of this disease has made production unfeasible, making the crop itinerant and annual (GIORIA et al, 2000; NARITA et al, 2012)
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