Abstract
To evaluate the efficient use of nitrogen (N) for rice in a rapeseed–wheat–rice rotation system, a pot experiment was conducted. The results indicated that in the conventional 15N-labeled (Nc) and reduced 15N-labeled (Nr) urea applications, absorbed N and soil residual N was higher in rapeseed than in wheat. In the rice season, the higher accumulation of 15N was achieved with an Nr application rate during the rapeseed season and an N fertilizer management model (40% as basal fertilizer, 40% as tillering fertilizer, and 20% as panicle fertilizer) during the rice season (PrNrM3). A high 15N accumulation was also achieved under the Nc application rate during the wheat season and the N fertilizer management model during the rice season (PwNcM3). The accumulation of 15N in PrNrM3 and PwNcM3 accounted for 21.35% and 36.72% of the residual N under the Nr application rate in the rapeseed season and the Nc application rate in the wheat season, respectively. Compared with the Nc application rate in the rapeseed season and M3 N management in the rice season (PrNcM3), the N agronomy efficiency (NAE) and the N partial factor efficiency (NPFP) of rice were increased by 23.85% and 1.59%, respectively, in PrNrM3. The annual crop yield was 3.95% lower in PrNrM3, which was not significant. PrNrM3 was a stable yield, N-saving application rate for rapeseed-rice rotation systems in southern China.
Highlights
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer input is an effective way of increasing crop yield [1]
In the soil from the previous crop has a great impact on the yield of successive crops. The objectives of this experiment were to quantify the fate of 15 N-labeled fertilizer in terms of plant accumulation, residue in the soil, and loss to the ecosystem, to understand the annual utilization of N fertilizer, and to determine if N utilization and recovery could be improved under the rapeseed–wheat–rice rotation
The grain yield of rapeseed and wheat in the second year was higher than the first year
Summary
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer input is an effective way of increasing crop yield [1]. China is the largest consumer of N fertilizer in the world [2]. Many farmers apply more N fertilizer than necessary to promote higher rice production in China [3]. Excessive application of N fertilizer leads to a series of environmental problems, such as groundwater pollution [4], air pollution from ammonia [5], and significant soil acidification [6]. Nfertilizer and improper application methods increase input costs and result in lower N-use efficiency. The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China has issued a new policy called “The action plan for zero growth fertilizer use by 2020,”
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