Nitrogen-doped ZnO microspheres with a yolk-shell structure for high sensing response of triethylamine

Abstract

Triethylamine is a kind of volatile organic compounds, which is harmful and toxic to the environment and people. Therefore, triethylamine gas sensors are increasingly demanded in practical applications. In this work, we synthesized the nitrogen-doped ZnO yolk-shell microspheres with mesoporous distribution by a facile strategy of hydrothermal-annealing. The influence of the amount of hexamethylene tetramine on the morphology of yolk-shell ZnO was studied and the yolk-shell ZnO (YSZ-3) prepared with 0.3 g hexamethylene tetramine showed the best gas sensing performances for triethylamine at 370 ℃. The response to 100 ppm triethylamine was 133. Moreover, a low triethylamine detection limit was achieved (1 ppm), with a response value of 2.6. The prepared yolk-shell ZnO showed an excellent selectivity to triethylamine, over ethanol, methanol, acetone, formaldehyde, ammonia, and toluene. Furthermore, YSZ-3 offered a low theoretical detection limit (42.4 ppb) and a fast response and recovery (20 s/5 s). Finally, the growth mechanism and gas sensing mechanism of yolk-shell ZnO were discussed.