Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from block copolymer for supercapacitor

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon was successfully synthesized using block copolymers as precursor by a self-template method and subsequent KOH chemical activation. The self-template agent, polystyrene, promotes the formation of mesopores, which is favorable for the rapid transport of both electrons and electrolyte ions. The micropores of nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbons were then extensively developed by activation to provide large electrochemical double-layer capacitance. As the activation temperature increased from 600°C to 900°C, the specific surface area of the materials increased dramatically. Thus, the as-obtained nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon (NHPC-800) possesses a high surface area of up to 2104.5m2/g with nitrogen content of 5.79%. It exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 257F/g at a current density of 0.5A/g in 6M KOH aqueous electrolyte as measured in a three-electrode system. Furthermore, the nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon electrode exhibits excellent rate capability with 128F/g remaining at 20A/g and good cycling stability of 90.38% retention over 10,000 cycles in a two-electrode system. The tunable porous structure and effective nitrogen doping via block polymer precursor shed a light for designing advanced electrode materials for a high-performance electrochemical energy system.