Abstract
We report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchical meso/microporous carbon using renewable biomass bamboo fungus as precursor via two-step pyrolysis processes. It is found that the developed porous carbon (NHPC-800) features honeycomb-like cellular framework with well-developed porosity, huge specific surface area (1708 m2 g−1), appropriate nitrogen-doping level (3.2 at.%) and high mesopore percentage (25.5%), which are responsible for its remarkable supercapacitive performances. Electrochemical tests suggest that the NHPC-800 electrode offers the largest specific capacitance of 228 F g−1, asplendid rate capability and stable electrochemical behaviors in a traditional three-electrode system. Additionally, asymmetric supercapacitor device is built based on this product as well. An individual as-assembled supercapacitor of NHPC-800//NHPC-800 delivers the maximum energy density of 4.3 Wh kg−1; retains the majority of capacitanceat large current densities; and shows terrific cycling durability with negligible capacitance drop after long-term charge/discharge for beyond 10,000 cycles even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. These excellent supercapacitive properties of NHPC-800 in both three- and two-electrode setups outperform those of lots of biomass-derived porous carbons and thus make it a perspective candidate for producing cost-effective and high-performance supercapacitors
Highlights
To meet the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles, flexible electronics and portable power tools, porous carbon-based supercapacitors, which are typical electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), have attracted considerable interest due to the merits of high power densities and superior cycling stability as compared to secondary batteries [1,2,3]
Results and Discussion pore walls are created in NHPC-800 (Figure 2d−f), which should derive from the alkaline activation
Elements of C, O and N are detected and well distributed in the Figure 2a–c are field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the sample of monitored area of the specimen (Figure 2g−h), indicating the successful doping of N atoms in this contrastive carbon (CC), which is fabricated without potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation
Summary
To meet the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles, flexible electronics and portable power tools, porous carbon-based supercapacitors, which are typical electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), have attracted considerable interest due to the merits of high power densities and superior cycling stability as compared to secondary batteries [1,2,3]. The resulting biomass-derived porous carbons commonly possess plentiful micropores and high specific surface area but lack sufficient mesopores and macropores. Molecules and high specific surface area but lack sufficient mesopores and macropores. Most of the microporesare not accessible to electrolyte ions on account of their narrownot width of
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