Abstract
Subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands are being evaluated for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater in this study through different gravel sizes, plant densities ( Iris pseudacorus), effects of retention times (1 to 10 days) on N and P removal in continuously fed gravel wetland. The inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for TKN, NH 4-N, and NO 3-N, as standard methods. The planted wetland reactor with fine (SG) and coarse (BG) gravels removed 49.4% and 31.4% TKN, respectively, while unplanted reactors removed 43.4% and 26.8% TKN. Also, the efficiencies for NH 4-N were 36.7–43% and 21.6–25.4% for SG and BG planted reactors, respectively. The efficiencies for NO 3-N were 53.5–62.5% and 21.6–25.4% for SG and BG planted reactors, respectively. Roles of plants in SG reactors for O-PO 4 were 5–12% and 3–8% in BG. Also, the roles of plants in the reactors for TP were 9% and 7.4%. The minimum effective detention time for the removal of NO 3-N was 4–5 days. The subsurface constructed wetlands planted with I. pseudacorus can be an appropriate alternative in wastewater treatment natural system in small communities.
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