Abstract

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Highlights

  • The paper mill and pulp industry produce enormous quantities of paper and pulp products each year

  • Sludge discharged from paper mills is divided into four categories: a) primary sludge (PS), which comes from the production of virgin wood fiber; b) de-inking paper sludge (DPS), which comes from the process of removing inks from recycled paper; c) secondary sludge (SS; activated sludge), which comes from the secondary wastewater treatment system; and d) combined primary and secondary sludge [5]

  • The sludge from formic acid pulping with 20% formic acid at three-hour intervals did not show any presence of carbon and nitrogen

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Summary

Introduction

The paper mill and pulp industry produce enormous quantities of paper and pulp products each year. Paper manufacturing is a complex industry involving multiple processes where different products are produced and large quantities of waste of primary, biological or de–inking origin are generated, waste water treatment sludge, primary sludge, and secondary sludge among them [2,3]. Sludge is the final solid waste recovered from the wastewater treatment process in pulp and paper mills. Sludge discharged from paper mills is divided into four categories: a) primary sludge (PS), which comes from the production of virgin wood fiber; b) de-inking paper sludge (DPS), which comes from the process of removing inks from recycled paper; c) secondary sludge (SS; activated sludge), which comes from the secondary wastewater treatment system; and d) combined primary and secondary sludge [5]

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