Abstract
Purpose Acidic red soils account for 21% of land area in China and contain low ammonia concentration due to ionization to ammonium. The unusual high affinity for ammonia of marine Nitrosopumilus maritimus and acidophilic soil Nitrosotalea devanaterra has suggested that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) may have greater selective advantage over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in ammonia-limited environment because ammonia rather than ammonium is thought to be the actual substrate for oxidation. The aim of this study was to assess whether nitrification activity can be attributed to AOA and/or AOB by relating community structures of AOA and AOB to nitrification activity in acidic red soils in southern China.
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