Nitric Oxide Synthase and Tyrosine Hydroxylase are Colocalized in Nerves Supplying the Postnatal Human Male Genitourinary Organs

Abstract

Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the cathecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in nerve fibers supplying the human neonatal male genitourinary organs. Materials and Methods An indirect double label immunofluorescence technique was employed on specimens obtained from infants and children at postmortem examination. Results Many nerve fibers immunoreactive for both NOS and TH were observed in the muscle coat of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle, within the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate gland and at the bladder neck, and also formed perivascular plexuses in each of these organs. Double-labeled nerves occurred less frequently in the intramural ureters and superficial trigone while similar nerves in the bladder body were relatively sparse. Numerous nerves immunoreactive for NOS but not TH were observed at the base of the epithelium of each organ examined. Four types of autonomic ganglion cell were observed in nearby pelvic ganglia: those which contained NOS and TH, those which contained NOS alone, those which contained TH alone and those which contained neither NOS nor TH. Conclusion The results indicate that many of the noradrenergic nerves as well as non-noradrenergic nerves supplying the male genitourinary organs have the capacity to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) and that NO may play a significant role in the autonomic control of both the urinary and genital organs in the postnatal human male.