Abstract
High temperature is one of the biggest abiotic stress challenges for agriculture. While, Nitric oxide (NO) is gaining increasing attention from plant science community due to its involvement in resistance to various plant stress conditions, its implications on heat stress tolerance is still unclear. Several lines of evidence indicate NO as a key signaling molecule in mediating various plant responses such as photosynthesis, oxidative defense, osmolyte accumulation, gene expression, and protein modifications under heat stress. Furthermore, the interactions of NO with other signaling molecules and phytohormones to attain heat tolerance have also been building up in recent years. Nevertheless, deep insights into the functional intermediaries or signal transduction components associated with NO-mediated heat stress signaling are imperative to uncover their involvement in plant hormone induced feed-back regulations, ROS/NO balance, and stress induced gene transcription. Although, progress is underway, much work remains to define the functional relevance of this molecule in plant heat tolerance. This review provides an overview on current status and discuss knowledge gaps in exploiting NO, thereby enhancing our understanding of the role of NO in plant heat tolerance.
Highlights
An increase in temperature above the plant’s optimum growth temperature that causes an irreversible damage to the growth is defined as heat stress (Wahid et al, 2007)
Nitric oxide (NO) donor promote leaf photochemical activity and cell membrane integrity, increase anti-oxidant enzyme activities thereby eliminating oxidative damage under heat stress Heat stress at 55◦C resulted in rapid surge in NO while no detectable increase in NO was observed at 35◦C; GSNOR* regulates cellular nitrosation levels by metabolizing GSNO* in plant cells
Transcriptomic analysis of GSNOresponsive genes in A. thaliana roots showed up-regulation of various heat stress transcription factors and heat shock protein (HSP) (BegaraMorales et al, 2014), the heat induced accumulation of Hsp70 corresponded to the endogenous NO level in S. lycopersicum leaf discs (Piterková et al, 2013) pointing toward an important role of HSPs in protecting cellular membranes and protein folding and aggregation during heat stress
Summary
An increase in temperature above the plant’s optimum growth temperature that causes an irreversible damage to the growth is defined as heat stress (Wahid et al, 2007). Exogenous application of NO donors has been able to reduce heat-induced cellular damage further underlining the involvement of NO in plant heat response (Song et al, 2006; Hasanuzzaman et al, 2013).
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