Nitric oxide modulation of the growth hormone—releasing activity of hexarelin in young and old dogs

Abstract

The growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity of Hexarelin, a potent GH-releasing peptide (GHRP) analog, was evaluated in eight young (aged 1 to 6 years) and five old (10 to 16 years) beagle dogs pretreated with erythrityl tetranitrate, a liposoluble nitric oxide (NO) donor, and/or indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes, and N-nitro-L- or N-nitro-D-arginine methylester (L-NAME and D-NAME), active and inactive NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, respectively. Erythrityl tetranitrate (0.3 mg x kg(-1) oral [p.o.]) strikingly potentiated Hexarelin-stimulated GH secretion (31.25 microg x kg(-1) intravenous [i.v.]) in both young (area under the time-concentration curve at 0 to 90 minutes AUC(0-90)] 878.50 +/- 267.02 v 1,994.04 +/- 434.20 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .01) and aged animals (314.82 +/- 117.11 v 1,314.12 +/- 484.75 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .01). The NO donor alone did not modify baseline GH levels in either young dogs (188.68 +/- 85.24 ng x mL(-1) x h) or old dogs (120.49 +/- 22.03 ng x mL(-1) x h). L-NAME (5 mg x kg(-1) x 2 i.v.) suppressed GH release induced by the peptide in young dogs (1,367.68 +/- 251.87 v 411.12 +/- 68.49 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .01), but potentiated it in old dogs (314.73 +/- 117.10 v 1,103.97 +/- 374.11 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .01). D-NAME (5 mg x kg(-1) x 2 i.v.) did not affect the GH response to Hexarelin in either young (1,328.68 +/- 433.54 ng x mL(-1) x h) or aged (342.32 +/- 84.82 ng x mL(-1) x h) dogs. Indomethacin (1.5 mg x kg(-1) i.m.) abolished the NO-donor potentiation of the GH response induced by Hexarelin in both young dogs (1,627.25 +/- 260.90 v 1,163.37 +/- 334.84 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .05) and old dogs (1,061.47 +/- 210.38 v 365.69 +/- 79.27 ng x mL(-1) x h, P < .01) without affecting the plasma GH peak evoked by the peptide alone (young dogs, 786.04 +/- 153.44 v 960.04 +/- 444.44 ng x mL(-1) x h, P = NS; old dogs, 474.55 +/- 47.30 v 490.82 +/- 144.86 ng x mL(-1) x h, P = NS). In conclusion, (1) NO donors are capable to further increase the strong GH-releasing activity of Hexarelin in both young and old dogs, although the site(s) and mechanism(s) of action of NO is still obscure; (2) the different GH response to the peptide after NOS inhibition in young and old dogs signifies in the latter an alteration of the somatotrope function; and (3) prostaglandins are the downstream effectors of the chain of events triggered by activation of the NO-ergic system.